Pharmacognosy Graduate Education
Master's – PhD Courses
Course: EFG 600 Special Topics
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 4-0-0-30
Content: Determination of thesis topic, literature review, research planning, field studies, experimental studies, data collection, evaluation of findings, and report preparation.
Course: EFG 601 Introduction to Marine Pharmacognosy
Semester: Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-0-2-5
Content: Basic information about marine organisms used in natural compound chemistry. Distribution of natural compounds within marine organisms, types of compounds obtained from different organisms, collection from nature, extraction, isolation, and structural analysis of compounds.
Course: EFG 602 Isolation of Natural Products and Basic Principles on Chemical Analysis
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-2-3-8
Content: Isolation, analysis, and pharmacopoeia methods for natural compounds.
Course: EFG 603 Introduction to Chromatographic Analysis Methods on Natural Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-2-3-8
Content: Chromatographic methods used in pharmacognostic research.
Course: EFG 606 Introduction to Products of Primary Metabolism
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-7
Content: General information about primary metabolites and drugs important in pharmacognosy.
Course: EFG 607 Secondary Metabolites - Derived from Shikimic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 4-0-4-8
Content: Biosynthesis, physical and chemical properties, classification, sources, extraction, purification, and biological activity studies of phenolic compounds derived from the shikimic acid pathway.
Course: EFG 608 Secondary Metabolites - Derived from Acetate-Mevalonate Biosynthesis Pathway
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 4-0-4-8
Content: Basic concepts suitable for learning outcomes about biologically active natural steroids.
Course: EFG 612 Introduction to Plants and Drugs with Economic Importance
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Botanical characteristics, habitats, cultivation areas, soil properties, and the primary and secondary metabolites of economically important plants used as food, drug raw materials, or natural dyes.
Course: EFG 613 Natural Antitumor Compounds and Our Health
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Classification of natural antitumor compounds by chemical structures, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, usage forms, and doses. Also covers methods for determining antitumor activity, general mechanisms of action, and the phases involved in anticancer drug development.
Course: EFG 615 Preparation Techniques of Pharmacopoeia and Monographs for Natural Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 3-0-3-7
Content: Introduction to pharmacopoeias and monograph books, structure and differences of monographs, preparation techniques for the European Pharmacopoeia and ESCOP, and presentation of plants and other natural products recorded in different pharmacopoeias and monographs.
Course: EFG 623 Literature Research Methods in Pharmacy
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-0-2-7
Content: Techniques for source research, literature review, accessing sources, and evaluating information.
Course: EFG 624 Pharmacognosy Seminar
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 0-2-0-3
Content: Seminar preparation methods, topic selection, research techniques, organizing the seminar, compiling information, preparing presentations, and delivering the seminar.
Course: EFG 625 Biosynthesis of Natural Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-0-2-7
Content: Introduction to biosynthetic pathways of natural compounds.
Course: EFG 626 Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnological Applications
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-7
Content: Biological production, extraction, and purification of natural compounds with significant biological activities using plant and microbial cell cultures.
Course: EFG 627 Poisonous Plants
Semester: Fall
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-7
Content: Identification of poisonous plants, toxic parts, symptoms of poisoning, toxic compounds, chemical structures, diagnosis, treatment, and antidotes. Includes plants and mushrooms commonly causing poisoning in Turkey.
Course: EFG 628 Phytoestrogens
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Definition of phytoestrogens, examples of their general uses in health, natural occurrence, chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, separation methods, structural analysis, biological activity, usage, and examples of market products.
Course: EFG 700 Special Topics
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 5-0-0-30
Content: Determination of thesis topic, literature review, research planning, field studies, experimental studies, data collection and analysis, and reporting of research results.
Course: EFG 701 Bioactive Compounds from Marine Organisms
Semester: Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-0-2-5
Content: Basic information about marine organisms that are studied for natural product chemistry. Distribution of natural compounds within marine organisms, extraction methods, compound isolation, and structure determination.
Course: EFG 702 Isolation of Natural Products and Chemical Analysis
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-3-3-8
Content: Isolation and analysis of natural compounds, pharmacopoeia methods.
Course: EFG 703 Chromatographic Methods of Natural Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 2-3-3-8
Content: Chromatographic methods used in pharmacognostic research.
Course: EFG 704 Spectroscopic Analysis of Natural Compounds I
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 3-0-3-8
Content: Basic information on spectroscopic analysis, including UV, IR, MS, and NMR analysis of phenolic natural compounds (e.g., flavonoids, coumarins, lignans).
Course: EFG 705 Spectroscopic Analysis of Natural Compounds II
Semester: Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 3-0-3-8
Content: Spectral analysis methods for structural determination of non-phenolic natural compounds (e.g., iridoids, terpenoids), including problem-solving techniques.
Course: EFG 706 Primary Metabolites
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-7
Content: Chemistry of sugars, fats, and proteins; significance of primary metabolites in pharmacognosy, and an overview of medicinal plants containing these compounds.
Course: EFG 707 Secondary Metabolites - Phenolic Compounds
Semester: Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 4-0-4-8
Content: Study of biosynthesis, physical and chemical properties, classification, sources, extraction, purification, and biological activities of phenolic compounds.
Course: EFG 708 Secondary Metabolites - Steroids
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 4-0-4-8
Content: Comprehensive study on natural steroids with biological activity, including biosynthesis, properties, classification, extraction, purification, structural elucidation, and biological activity studies.
Course: EFG 709 Secondary Metabolites - Terpenoids
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 4-0-4-8
Content: Biosynthesis, physical and chemical properties, classification, extraction, purification, structural elucidation, and biological activity studies of terpenoid compounds with industrial and health applications.
Course: EFG 710 Biological Screenings in Phytochemical Studies
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 4-0-4-9
Content: Guided fractionation and isolation methods in drug discovery, ethnopharmacological approaches, biological screenings for antimicrobial, antitumoral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic activities, and toxicity tests.
Course: EFG 711 Alkaloids
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 3-0-3-7
Content: Chemistry of alkaloids; significance of alkaloid compounds in pharmacognosy, and an overview of medicinal plants containing these compounds.
Course: EFG 712 Plants and Drugs with Economic Importance
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Botanical features, cultivation areas, soil requirements, and primary and secondary metabolites of economically important plants used as food, medicinal raw materials, or natural dyes.
Course: EFG 713 Natural Originated Antitumoral Compounds
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Classification of natural antitumoral compounds, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, usage forms and dosages, biological activity methods, and development phases for anticancer drugs.
Course: EFG 714 Quality of Natural Medicinal Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-2-3-7
Content: Quality requirements, standards, and testing methods for natural medicinal products.
Course: EFG 715 Pharmacopoeia and Monographs for Natural Products
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 3-0-3-7
Content: Pharmacopoeias and monograph books of natural products, differences among monographs, preparation techniques for European Pharmacopoeia and ESCOP, and an introduction to plants and natural products listed in various pharmacopoeias.
Course: EFG 717 Forensic Pharmacognosy
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-2-3-7
Content: Natural products commonly misused in forensic cases, identification, toxicology, and legal aspects.
Course: EFG 718 Aromatherapeutics
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-2-3-7
Content: Definition, history, properties, extraction methods, and uses of essential and fixed oils in aromatherapy, formulations, quality control, safety, and regulatory requirements.
Course: EFG 719 Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Organisms
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-6
Content: Fundamentals of microorganisms used in natural compound research, distribution of compounds in organisms, extraction, isolation, and structural determination of bioactive compounds.
Course: EFG 720 Seminar
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 0-2-0-4
Content: Seminar preparation methods, topic selection, access to resources, organizing the seminar, compiling information, preparing and delivering presentations, data evaluation, and interpretation of results.
Course: EFG 721 Medicinal Mushrooms in Pharmacognosy
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-0-2-5
Content: Uses, chemical contents, risks, and interactions of medicinal mushrooms.
Course: EFG 799 Preparation for Doctoral Proficiency Exam
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Required, 0-4-2-30
Content: Preparation for the doctoral proficiency exam, undergraduate and graduate courses, practical studies, fundamental practices in pharmacognosy, and new developments in the field.
Course: EFG 800 Research Studies on Thesis I
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 2-2-3-8
Content: Identifying research topics with the advisor, conducting detailed readings and discussions, and preparing a comprehensive literature review.
Course: EFG 801 Research Studies on Thesis II
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 3-2-4-10
Content: Formulating a suitable hypothesis for the identified research topics and preparing the necessary ethical committee applications in accordance with the research protocol.
Course: EFG 802 Research Studies on Thesis III
Semester: Fall/Spring
Type and Credits (T-P-C-ECTS): Elective, 4-2-5-12
Content: Preparing project support applications and conducting preliminary studies for the research protocol designed according to the hypothesis formulated for the identified research topics.